Background/Aim: In various studies, it is shown that cutaneous metastases of solid organ cancers are associated with advanced stage disease, lower disease-specific survival rate, and poor prognosis. Metastatic cutaneous disease may be observed in different morphologies. Histopathologically epidermal/dermal/epidermodermal infiltration, solid/nodular structures, interstitial pattern, and perineural invasion may be evident as accompanying features. In the present study, we aim to analyze demographical, histopathological, and clinical characteristics of cutaneous metastases from solid organ cancers in 37 patients. Materials And Methods: Thirty-seven patients diagnosed with biopsy-proven cutaneous metastases of solid organ cancers between January 2006 and January 2019 were retrospectively evaluated in the study. Results: Breast cancer was the primary cancer in 22 patients, whereas 13 patients were diagnosed with other solid organ cancers. The most common solid cancer which presented with skin metastases was breast cancer (22, 59.5%) followed by lung cancer (3, 8.1%), whereas colorectal cancer and lung cancer were the two most common cancers which metastasized to the skin in male patients. Two patients had cancer of primary unknown. The mean age at the diagnosis of first cutaneous metastasis was 58.1 ± 12.4 years. Twenty-six (70.3%) patients had primary cancer diagnosed first, whereas 11 (29.7%) patients had cutaneous metastasis diagnosed first. Breast cancer is shown to metastasize to the trunk at a significantly higher rate compared with other types of solid cancers (P = 0.02). Nodule (37.8%, 14) was the most frequently observed primary lesion of the cutaneous metastases morphologically, followed by plaque (18.9%, n = 7), tumor (13.5%, n = 5), and papule (8.1%, n = 3). Seven (18.9%) patients presented with more than one morphology. Histopathologically, micronodular structure was the most commonly observed structure. The mean time between the diagnosis of primary cancer and death was 60.62 ± 53.93 months (range: 6–156). The mean duration between the appearance of cutaneous metastasis and death was 10.5 ± 6.4 months (range: 1–24). There was not any statistically significant difference between the primary cancer type and the eluded time between death and primary cancer diagnosis. In addition, we were not able to find any statistically significant relationship between living-to-dead ratio and primary cancer type, presence of other organ metastases, and treatment status at the time of the emergence of cutaneous metastases. Conclusion: All in all, we would like to highlight the importance of diagnostic skin biopsy, especially in elderly patients presenting with cutaneous nodules of unknown origin. The possibility of cutaneous metastasis should always be kept in mind in patients with a history of malignancy even after long periods of recovery.

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Background: Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory and immune-mediated disease characterized by multiple clinical presentations. There are very few studies analyzing histopathological features of LP worldwide. Objectives: The aim of this work was to study different histopathological patterns in skin biopsies of LP and to correlate the clinical and histopathological features. Materials and Methods: Records of 184 biopsies diagnosed as LP were included in the study. Clinical data from the records reviewed. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained sections were retrieved, re-examined, and histopathological parameters were noted. Results: Among the 184 biopsies of LP patients, pigment incontinence (93.5%) was the most common followed by hypergranulosis (88%) and interface dermatitis (82.6%). In epidermal changes, saw-toothed acanthosis (90, 48.9%) was the most common followed by the flattened epidermis (47, 25.5%), irregular moderate acanthosis with appendageal involvement (31, 16.9%), and pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (16, 8.7%). In tissue reaction patterns, the lichenoid pattern was the most common (131, 71.2%) followed by mild superficial perivascular dermatitis (MSPVD) in 20 (10.9%) followed by various combination patterns. The types of hypergranulosis seen were wedge-shaped (86, 53.1%) followed by infundibular (32, 19.8%), regular (30, 18.5%), and acrosyringeal (14, 8.6%). Changes of venous stasis were observed in 41% of lower limb biopsies. Conclusion: On histopathology, pigment incontinence and hypergranulosis were the most consistent features in all types of LP. Awareness about the less frequent patterns may improve the diagnostic accuracy of clinicopathologic correlation.

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Background: High-risk sexual behaviors like multiple sexual partners, unprotected sexual intercourse, early coital debut, increase in oral sex, and anal coitus are associated with an increasing trend of viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. So, we conducted this study to determine the present scenario of sexual practice and the emerging trend of viral STIs in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: An institution-based observational cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with anogenital viral STIs after taking informed consent. A detailed history was taken regarding patients’ particulars, sexual practice and addiction profile. Data were analyzed by Med-Calc statistical software version 12.5.0.0. Result and Analysis: Two hundred and thirty-four eligible consenting patients with anogenital viral STIs were included in the study. Most common age group were 25–44 years (54.70%, n = 128); male:female = 188:46. Majority of the population were factory workers (33.33%, n = 78), truckers (13.67%, n = 32), and commercial sex workers (4.27%). History of migration was present in 73.50% (n = 172). The mean age of coital debut was lower in females (P < 0.0001). Approximately 86.3% (n = 202) of patients were heterosexual. The mean number of nonspouse heterosexual partners was 15.81 ± 20.76. Partners of homosexual individuals (n = 32) were mostly co-worker (n = 22) or co-student (n = 10) and only four patients used condom regularly. About 56.4% (n = 132) patients had adequate knowledge of condom benefit though only 33.33% (n = 44) used it consistently. History of alcohol consumption during sexual exposure was present in 31.62% (n = 74) of people. Among them, adequate knowledge of condom benefit was present in 54 people but only 12 of them used it consistently (P = 0.028). Conclusion: Promotion and provision of sex education, awareness programs, and strategies to reduce high-risk behavior should be conducted among the population.

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Objectives: T cells, keratinocytes, dendritic cells, inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor α are involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. The anti-inflammatory effect of progranulin (PGRN) is known by inhibiting the effects of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF- α). We aimed to evaluate the PGRN levels and the factors affecting PGRN levels in patients with psoriasis. Materials and Methods: The study enrolled 44 patients with psoriasis and 44 age- and sex- matched healthy controls. Serum PGRN levels were measured in all participants and compared between the two groups. PGRN levels were also evaluated in terms of demographic data, duration of disease, age of onset, previous treatments, smoking and drinking habits, PASI scores, and presence of nail and joint involvement in the psoriasis group. Results: Mean serum PGRN levels were significantly higher (10.70 ± 2.56ng/ml) in the psoriasis group than in the control group (3.16 ± 1.02ng/ml) (P < 0.001). There was no significant relationship between serum PGRN levels and clinical characteristics of psoriasis including the presence of joint and nail involvement, PASI scores, duration of disease, age of onset. Conclusions: In conclusion, psoriasis patients have elevated serum levels of PGRN irrespective of patient and clinical characteristics. To increase knowledge on the effect of PGRN in the pathogenesis of psoriasis can lead to new therapeutic options for the disease.

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Background: There are few studies investigating the association between psoriasis and depression, anxiety, sexual dysfunction in the literature. Aims: We aimed to investigate depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction in patients with psoriasis and the association between the psychiatric comorbidity and the severity and involvement sites of psoriasis. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 participants, including 100 psoriasis patients and 100 healthy volunteers as a control group, were included in the study. All participants were questioned about sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, alcohol use, and comorbidities. All participants completed the Dermatology Life Quality Index, Beck Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Scale, Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale, Female Sexual Function Scale/International Erectile Function Index. Results: In the psoriasis group, an increased risk for depression and anxiety was observed, regardless of the clinical features and severity of psoriasis, and a positive correlation was detected between the severity of the disease and impaired quality of life. An increased risk for sexual dysfunction regardless of clinical features and severity in male patients with psoriasis was detected compared with the control group. It was found that the risk for erectile dysfunction in patients with psoriasis increased regardless of the risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, diabetes, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Conclusion: Our study shows that psoriasis increases the risk for impaired quality of life, depression, anxiety, and sexual dysfunction in individuals. This increase is not always associated with the clinical characteristics of psoriasis such as severity, duration, and sites of involvement. Therefore, dermatologists should consider not only the skin findings of psoriasis but also the psychosocial status of the patient and refer the patient to psychiatry if necessary.

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Objective: In this descriptive study, we aimed to evaluate features of dermatology referrals before and after Covid-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: The patients referred to dermatology outpatient clinics of Acıbadem Group Hospitals in Istanbul between the time intervals 2019 March 1^st and August 31^st (Group G1) and 2020 March 1^st and August 31^st (Group G2) were included in this study. G1 and G2 groups were compared in terms of age, gender, mean duration of complaints, the most common five anatomic regions and the most common five dermatoses. Results: Referral rate after Covid-19 pandemic was decreased by 40%. Face (p=.0013, OR= 1.20, 95% CI=1.07–1.34), scalp (p=.02, OR=1.23, 95% CI=1.02–1.48) and hand (p=.04, 95% OR=1.24, 95% CI=1.00–1.54) were more common locations in 2020 (group G2) than in 2019 (G2 group). The most common five dermatoses were contact dermatitis (8.3%), acne (8,1%), wart (7,0%), seborrheic dermatitis (5,7%) and pyoderma (5,5%) in G1 (2019), while the order was contact dermatitis (10,6%), acne (7,5%), seborrheic dermatitis (6,5%), wart (6,4%) and pyoderma (4,9%) in G2 (2020). Contact dermatitis showed a significant increase after pandemic (p=.0017, OR=1.29, 95% CI=1.10–1.51). In 2020, psoriasis and lichen planus showed a two-fold increases (P<.001, OR=2.00, 95% CI=1.43–2.79 and p=.03, OR=1.92, 95% CI=1.09–3.38, respectively), whereas frequency of molluscum contagiosum decreased significantly (p=.03, OR=0.49, 95% CI=0.26–0.92). Conclusion: Although we found some remarkable results, relatively short-term period design with the limited patient population of this study needs to be verified in more comprehensive studies.

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